Oil & Gas Production

Oil and gas production is a complex process that includes various stages, such as exploration, drilling, completion, and enhanced recovery. These activities are collectively referred to as the “upstream” segment of the petroleum industry. The infrastructure involved in oil and gas production, including drilling equipment, wells (casing and tubing), pipelines, and separation and storage facilities, is subjected to environments containing CO₂, H₂S, chlorides, organic acids, and other species that can create severe corrosive systems. Corrosion damage mechanisms vary widely, from general material thinning to more localized and severe forms of degradation like pitting and cracking. Mitigating these corrosion mechanisms requires a comprehensive approach that includes material selection, protective coatings, corrosion inhibitors, and regular inspection and maintenance. Advanced monitoring technologies, such as corrosion sensors and non-destructive testing methods, are also employed to detect early signs of corrosion and prevent potential failures.

The following chapter provides a brief description of major damage mechanisms, along with basic fundamentals, calculation tools, and mitigation measures. This comprehensive overview is intended to help both engineering and non-engineering personnel quickly and effectively address various corrosion issues that originate in the upstream segment of the petroleum industry.